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Secondary hyperparathyroidism is a condition in which the parathyroid glands produce excessive amounts of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in response to chronic low levels of calcium in the blood. It is often associated with chronic kidney disease, where the kidneys are unable to maintain calcium and phosphate balance. Symptoms include bone pain, muscle weakness, and fractures. Treatment focuses on managing the underlying cause, such as supplementing calcium and vitamin D or addressing kidney disease.