Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is the most common form of glaucoma, a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve, often due to elevated intraocular pressure. In POAG, the drainage channels in the eye’s trabecular meshwork become partially blocked over time, preventing the normal outflow of aqueous humor, the fluid inside the eye. This blockage leads to a gradual increase in intraocular pressure, which can cause damage to the optic nerve and result in progressive vision loss.
POAG typically develops slowly and painlessly, often without noticeable symptoms in the early stages. As the condition progresses, patients may experience peripheral vision loss, eventually leading to tunnel vision if left untreated. POAG is more common in adults over 40, especially those with a family history of the disease, African Americans, and individuals with high myopia or diabetes.
Management and Treatment:
- Medications: Eye drops or oral medications to lower intraocular pressure.
- Laser Therapy: Procedures such as laser trabeculoplasty to improve fluid drainage.
- Surgery: Surgical interventions, such as trabeculectomy, to create a new drainage pathway.
Early detection and treatment are crucial in managing POAG to prevent significant vision loss. Regular eye exams are essential for at-risk individuals to monitor eye pressure and optic nerve health.